Automatically processing content streams for insertion points

ABSTRACT

A video packaging and origination service can process requests for content segments from requesting user devices. The video packaging and origination service can processing video attributes, audio attributes and social media feeds to dynamically determine insertion points for supplemental content. Additionally, the video packaging and origination service can identify supplemental content utilizing the same attribute information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This applications is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/121,514, entitled “AUTOMATICALLY PROCESSING CONTENT STREAMS FORINSERTION POINTS” and filed Sep. 4, 2018, the disclosures of which areherein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

Generally described, computing devices and communication networks can beutilized to exchange data and/or information. In a common application, acomputing device can request content from another computing device viathe communication network. For example, a user at a personal computingdevice can utilize a browser application to request a content page(e.g., a network page, a Web page, etc.) from a server computing devicevia the network (e.g., the Internet). In such embodiments, the usercomputing device can be referred to as a client computing device and theserver computing device can be referred to as a content provider.

Content providers provide requested content to client computing devicesoften with consideration of image quality and performance delivery ofthe requested content as reconstructed at the client computing device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Throughout the drawings, reference numbers may be re-used to indicatecorrespondence between referenced elements. The drawings are provided toillustrate example embodiments described herein and are not intended tolimit the scope of the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a content delivery environment thatincludes one or more client devices, one or more edge locations, a videopackaging system, a content provider and an on-demand service providerin accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of illustrative of components of a serviceprovider environment for executing on-demand code in accordance withsome embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrative of components of user device forrequesting and receiving encoded content in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrative of components of a managementcomponent of a video packing and origination service for managing thedistribution of encoded content segments in accordance with someembodiments;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of illustrative of components of an encoder ofa packaging and origination service configured to manage contentencoding in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 6A-6B are block diagrams of the content delivery environment ofFIG. 1 illustrating the characterization of insertion points forsupplemental content and the selection of supplemental content based onreceipt and processing of requests for encoded content segments; and

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrative of a dynamic content insertion andselection routine implemented by a video packaging and originationsystem in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Generally described, content providers can provide content to requestingusers. With regard to video content, a content provider can implement avideo packaging and origination service that is able to deliver videocontent to requesting users. Still further, the content provider orpackaging and origination service can utilize a CDN or other contentdelivery component to deliver video content to requesting users orclient computing devices utilizing streaming transmissions in accordancewith one of a range of communication protocols, such as the hypertexttransfer protocol (“HTTP”).

Content providers can organize requested content, such as a video file,into multiple segments that are then transmitted to requesting devicessegment by segment. For example, in a video stream, each segmentedportion typically accounts for 2-10 seconds of video rendered on areceiving device. Each video segment can be encoded by a video packagingand origination service according to an encoding format utilized by theencoder to generate the output stream. The encoding format cancorrespond to a content representation format for storage ortransmission of video content (such as in a data file or bitstream).Examples of encoding formats include but not limited to the motionpictures expert group (“MPEG) MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-4 Part 2, H.264(MPEG-4 Part 10), H.265 high efficiency video coding (“HEVC”), Theora,RealVideo RV40, VP9, and AOMedia Video 1 (“AV1”), and the like.

In some scenarios, a video packaging and origination service candistribute encoded content to different user devices or other recipientsbased on different financial models related to the quality of theencoded content or the inclusion/exclusion of additional encodedcontent. As applied to encoding content, a video packaging andorigination service can set up a set of media endpoints to service userdevices that request content. Respective media endpoints can package andprovide encoded segments to requesting users. In some embodiments, thevideo packaging and origination service can include additional content,such as advertisements or associated content, that is delivered as partof a requested content stream.

With regard to the streaming of encoded content, a video packaging andorigination service can associate supplemental content, such asadvertisements, to the content streams. For example, a content providerassociated with streaming content transmission may provide one or moreopportunities for the insertion of the supplemental content. Morespecifically, in one embodiment, the content provider or other sourcecan manually insert markers in the encoded content streams that areindicative of transition points for the insertion of supplementalcontent. In this regard, the manual insertion points are basedexclusively on the markers provided by the content provider and are notwell suited for dynamic determination of opportunities for insertion ofsupplemental content. For example, content providers may not be able tomanually insert markers in live streaming or substantially livestreaming fields.

To address at least in part some of the above-described deficienciesassociated with traditional encoded content distribution techniques,aspects of the present application correspond to a method and system formanaging encoded content segments. More specifically, a video packagingand origination service includes one or more encoders that areconfigured to encode content according to an encoding profile.Illustratively, the encoders encode the content into a plurality ofsegments. The encoded content segments can be then transmitted from theencoder to a data store or other storage location and made available tofor one or more media endpoints, such as a packager.

In addition to receiving the content to be encoded, the video packagingand origination service can process one or more segments in thesequential series of encoded content segments to automatically determineinsertion points for supplemental content, such as advertisements orcomplimentary content. In one aspect, the video packaging andorigination service can detect scene changes between encoded contentsegments and identify the scene changes as insertion points forsupplemental content. In another aspect, the video packaging andorigination service can utilize changes between rendered contentsegments to determine transitions between segments of high activity orchanges and segments with lower activity, e.g., a lull in an actionsequence corresponding to set of encoded content segments. In still afurther aspect, the video packaging and origination service can processassociated soundtrack or close-captioning information included in theencoded content segments to identify insertion points based on volumelevels or sound levels indicative of scene transitions or lulls (similarto described above). In still a further aspect, the video packaging andorigination service can receive inputs from additional third partysources, such as social media feeds that can be indicative of events orsentiments that serve as natural insertion points for supplementalcontent (e.g., the scoring of a goal in a live streamed soccer match).

In accordance with another embodiment, the video packaging andorigination service can utilize the dynamic determination of insertionpoints to further process the encoded content segments to select or formthe supplemental content to be included in the content stream. Forexample, the video packaging and origination service can utilize imageor object recognition services to identify one or more objects in therendered encoded content segments and utilize the recognized objects askeywords or primary targets for the supplemental content. In anotherexample, the video packaging and origination service can utilize textualanalysis of third party content, such as social media feeds, to identifytopics of interest at the determined insertion points. In yet anotherexample, the video packaging and origination service can utilize audiofeeds to identify keywords or other contextual information (e.g.,language preference) in the audio track or close-captioned textual feedassociated with the determined insertion points. In still a furtherexample, the video packaging and origination service can utilize profileinformation, such as individual user or group preferences, to selectbetween applicable supplemental content (e.g., a user profile specifyinga preference for a brand of soda in situations in context of thestreaming content indicate an opportunity to promote drinks).Accordingly, the video packaging and origination service can not onlyautomatically determine appropriate moments in a content stream forinserting supplemental content, but can further provide keywords orcontext for the selection or formation of the supplement content.

Illustratively, aspects of the present application may utilize theexecution of execution of portable segments of code, which can begenerally referred to as “on-demand code” or “tasks.” The serverprovider environment may include an on-demand code execution environmentthat functions to execute the on-demand code or tasks. Further detailsregarding such an on-demand code execution environment can be foundwithin U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/502,648, entitledPROGRAMMATIC EVENT DETECTION AND MESSAGE GENERATION FOR REQUESTS TOEXECUTE PROGRAM CODE, filed Sep. 30, 2014, and issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,323,556 on Apr. 26, 2016 (“the '556 Patent), the entirety of which ishereby incorporated by reference.

In brief, to execute tasks, an on-demand code execution environment maymaintain a pool of pre-initialized virtual machine instances that areready for use as soon as a user request is received. Due to thepre-initialized nature of these virtual machines, delay (sometimesreferred to as latency) associated with executing the user code (e.g.,instance and language runtime startup time) can be significantlyreduced, often to sub-100 millisecond levels.

Illustratively, the on-demand code execution environment may maintain apool of virtual machine instances on one or more physical computingdevices, where each virtual machine instance has one or more softwarecomponents (e.g., operating systems, language runtimes, libraries, etc.)loaded thereon. When the on-demand code execution environment receives arequest to execute the program code of a user (a “task”), whichspecifies one or more computing constraints for executing the programcode of the user, the on-demand code execution environment may select avirtual machine instance for executing the program code of the userbased on the one or more computing constraints specified by the requestand cause the program code of the user to be executed on the selectedvirtual machine instance. The program codes can be executed in isolatedcontainers that are created on the virtual machine instances. Since thevirtual machine instances in the pool have already been booted andloaded with particular operating systems and language runtimes by thetime the requests are received, the delay associated with findingcompute capacity that can handle the requests (e.g., by executing theuser code in one or more containers created on the virtual machineinstances) is significantly reduced.

The on-demand code execution environment may include a virtual machineinstance manager, as described in more detail in the '556 Patent, thatis configured to receive user code (threads, programs, etc., composed inany of a variety of programming languages) and execute the code in ahighly scalable, low latency manner, without requiring userconfiguration of a virtual machine instance. Specifically, the virtualmachine instance manager can, prior to receiving the user code and priorto receiving any information from a user regarding any particularvirtual machine instance configuration, create and configure virtualmachine instances according to a predetermined set of configurations,each corresponding to any one or more of a variety of run-timeenvironments. Thereafter, the virtual machine instance manager receivesuser-initiated requests to execute code, and identifies a pre-configuredvirtual machine instance to execute the code based on configurationinformation associated with the request. The virtual machine instancemanager can further allocate the identified virtual machine instance toexecute the user's code at least partly by creating and configuringcontainers inside the allocated virtual machine instance. Variousembodiments for implementing a virtual machine instance manager andexecuting user code on virtual machine instances is described in moredetail in the '556 Patent.

In accordance with one or more aspects of the present application, thevideo packaging and origination service can continue to leverage thebenefit of execution of on-demand code and an on-demand code serviceprovider. However, in other embodiments, the video packaging andorigination service can utilize additional or alternative executablecode that is described above with regard to functionality associatedwith the on-demand code. Additionally, based aspects of the presentapplication, the video packaging and origination service will bedescribed as facilitating various applications or examples for modifyingthe distribution of encoded content segments. Such examples areillustrative in nature and should be construed as limiting or exhaustiveof all possible applications of one or more aspects of the presentapplication.

FIG. 1 illustrates a general content delivery environment 100 fordelivering content from original content providers to user devices. Thecontent delivery environment 100 includes a plurality of devices 102utilized by individual users, generally referred to as user computingdevices, to request streaming or download content from a video packagingand origination service 120. Illustratively, the video packaging andorigination service 120 indexes a collection of source video content(either live streaming or file-based video-on-demand) and delivers it toclients via a wide range of communication protocols such as HTTP LiveStreaming (“BLS”), Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (“DASH”), HTTPDynamic Streaming (“HDS”), Real Time Messaging Protocol (“RTMP”), SmoothStreaming, and the like. Based on consumer demand, a video packaging andorigination service 120 can also provide advanced video transmissionfeatures such as just-in-time packaging of video content, digital rightsmanagement (“DRM”) encryption, time-shifting, bitrate selection, catchup TV, and more. The content can be illustratively provided by one ormore origin sources, such as original content provider 130.

User computing devices 102 may include any number of different computingdevices capable of communicating with the networks 140, 150, 160, via adirect connection or via an intermediary. For example, individualaccessing computing devices may correspond to a laptop or tabletcomputer, personal computer, wearable computer, server, personal digitalassistant (“PDA”), hybrid PDA/mobile phone, mobile phone, electronicbook reader, set-top box, camera, appliance (e.g., a thermostat orrefrigerator), controller, digital media player, watch, eyewear, a homeor car device, Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, virtual reality oraugmented reality devices, and the like. Each user computing device 102may optionally include one or more data stores (not shown in FIG. 1)including various applications or computer-executable instructions, suchas web browsers, used to implement the embodiments disclosed herein.Illustrative components of a user computing device 102 will be describedwith regard to FIG. 2.

In some embodiments, a CDN service provider 110 may include multipleedge locations from which a user device can retrieve content. Individualedge location 112 may be referred to herein as a point of presence(“POP”), where a POP 112 is intended to refer to any collection ofrelated computing devices utilized to implement functionality on behalfof one or many providers. POPs are generally associated with a specificgeographic location in which the computing devices implementing the POPare located, or with a region serviced by the POP. As illustrated inFIG. 1, the POP 112 can include one or more processing components 114for processing information for managing content provided by the videopackaging and origination service 120. The POP 112 can further include adata store 116 for maintaining collected information. For example, adata center or a collection of computing devices within a data centermay form a POP. In some instances, the POPs may implement one or moreservices, such as CDN services, data storage services, data processingservices, etc. The CDN service provider 110 may include multiple POPslocated in different geographic locations so that user devices cancommunicate with a nearby a POP to retrieve content, thereby reducingthe latency of delivering requested content.

Networks 140, 150, 160 may be any wired network, wireless network, orcombination thereof. In addition, the networks 140, 150, 160 may be apersonal area network, local area network, wide area network, cablenetwork, fiber network, satellite network, cellular telephone network,data network or combination thereof. In the example environment of FIG.1, network 140 is a global area network (“GAN”), such as the Internet.Protocols and components for communicating via the other aforementionedtypes of communication networks are well known to those skilled in theart of computer communications and thus, need not be described in moredetail herein. While each of the client computing devices 102 and CDNservice provider 110 are depicted as having a single connection to thenetwork 140, individual components of the client computing devices 102and CDN service provider 110 may be connected to the network 140 atdisparate points. Accordingly, communication times and capabilities mayvary between the components of FIG. 1. Likewise, although FIG. 1 isillustrated as having three separate networks 140, 150, 160, one skilledin the relevant art will appreciate that the video packaging andorigination service 120 may utilize any number or combination ofnetworks.

The content delivery environment 100 can include a plurality of contentproviders 130 for delivering input signals to the video packaging andorigination service 120. The content providers may include one or moreservers for delivering content, a data store for maintaining content anda communication manager for facilitating communications to the videopackaging and origination service 120 over network® 160. In otherembodiments, the content provider 130 can further user devices 120 thatare generating live video feeds for transmission by the video packagingand origination service 120. As will be described in detail below,illustratively, the content provider 130 can include or providemultiple, distinct input signals to the video packaging and originationservice 120. Additionally, as described above, the content providers 130can provide distribution information to the video packaging andorigination service 120, such as via an API. The content deliveryenvironment 100 can further include an on-demand service providerenvironment 170 for facilitating the execution of on-demand code ortasks, as will be described in greater detail below. Still further, thecontent delivery environment can access or receive additional inputsfrom third party data sources 180, such as social media services.

In accordance with embodiments, the video packaging and originationservice 120 includes a set of encoding components 122 for receivingcontent provided by the content providers 130 (or other source) andprocessing the content to generate a set of encoded video segmentsavailable for delivery. The video packaging and origination service 120is further optionally associated with a management component 124 tofacilitate the determination of distribution of encoded contentsegments. The management component 124 can delegate at least someportion of the identified functionality to the encoder componentsthemselves, such as the determination or negotiation of the handover orstop events.

The video packaging and origination service 120 can include a pluralityof media endpoints 126. Illustratively, the media endpoints 126 canimplement functionality associated with packaging and delivery ofencoded content segments to user devices 120. Individual media endpoints126 may be associated with defined geographic or logic areas serviced bythe video packaging and origination service 120 and may implemented ondifferent physical computing devices. As will be described in detailbelow, the video packaging and origination service 120 can vary thedistribution of encoded content segments by dynamically modifying howindividual encoded content segments are generated and transmitted to aset of media endpoints 126. For example, in some embodiments, the videopackaging and origination service 120 can generate different forms forthe encoded media streams based on the dynamically determined insertionpoints and dynamically selected supplemental content.

The video packaging and origination service 120 can further includemultiple data stores of maintaining encoded content segments,distribution information or other information utilized in accordancewith one or more aspects of the present application or otherwiseutilized in the generation of encoded content. Illustratively, the videopackaging and origination service 120 includes a data store 127 forreceiving and maintaining encoded content segments from the one or moreencoders 122. The video packaging and origination service 120 furtherincludes a data store 128 for receiving and maintain distributioninformation, such as a database in which distribution information forencoded content segments is represented in one or more individualdatabase records. The data store 128 can be further utilized formaintaining information regarding server-side collection statistics,including state data or other information previously measured.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the videopackaging and origination service 120 may have fewer or greatercomponents than are illustrated in FIG. 1. Thus, the depiction of thevideo packaging and origination service 120 in FIG. 1 should be taken asillustrative. For example, in some embodiments, components of the videopackaging and origination service 120 may be executed by one morevirtual machines implemented in a hosted computing environment. A hostedcomputing environment may include one or more rapidly provisioned andreleased computing resources, which computing resources may includecomputing, networking or storage devices. Additionally, the data stores127 and 128 may be implemented in a distributed manner that encompassesmultiple computing devices geographically or logically distinct. Stillfurther, in some embodiments, the video packaging and originationservice 120 may omit a portion, or all, of the functionality associatedwith interaction service provider environment 170 such as by maintainingexecutable code or components configured to implement at least a portionof such functionality.

Turning now to FIG. 2, an illustrative service provider environment 170for the execution of on-demand code or tasks will be described. By wayof illustrative example, the video packaging and origination service 120may utilize on-demand code to generate different forms of contentstreams based on determined insertion points for supplemental content.The service provider environment 170 can include a number of elements toenable configuration of, management of, and communications with thevideo packaging and origination service 120. Specifically, the serviceprovider environment 170 includes a management and deployment service200 to enable interaction with the video packaging and originationservice 120, and an on-demand code execution environment 210 providingon-demand, dynamic execution of tasks.

As shown in FIG. 2, the management and deployment service 200 includes aclient and data interface 202 and a configuration data store 204 thatmay operate collectively to enable registration of the video packagingand origination service 120. Illustratively, the client and datainterface 202 may provide one or more user interfaces (e.g., APIs, CLIs,GUIs, etc.) through which the video packaging and origination service120, may generate or submit a configuration of on-demand executable codeas described herein. The configuration data store 204 can correspond toany persistent or substantially persistent data store, such as a harddrive (HDD), a solid state drive (SDD), network attached storage (NAS),a tape drive, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the on-demand code execution environment 170 mayinclude multiple edge locations from which a user device can retrievecontent. Individual edge locations may be implemented in one or morePOPs. As described with regard to the CDN service provider, POPs aregenerally associated with a specific geographic location in which thecomputing devices implementing the POP are located, or with a regionserviced by the POP. Illustratively, individual POPs can include one ormore information processing components for providing on-demand executionof tasks (e.g., portable code segments). In some instances, the POPs mayimplement one or more services, such as CDN services, data storageservices, data processing services, etc. The CDN service provider 110may include multiple POPs located in different geographic locations sothat components of the video packaging and origination service 120 cancommunicate with a logically proximate POP to transmit requests forauthentication and authorization and receive processing results.

The on-demand code execution environment 210 can include a number ofdevices providing on-demand execution of tasks (e.g., portable codesegments). Specifically, the on-demand code execution environment 210can include a frontend 212, through which computing devices, may submittasks to the on-demand code execution environment 210 and call forexecution of tasks on the on-demand code execution environment 210. Suchtasks may be stored, for example, in a task data store 214, which cancorrespond to any persistent or substantially persistent data store,such as a hard drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SDD), network attachedstorage (NAS), a tape drive, or any combination thereof. While not shownin FIG. 2, the on-demand code execution system 210 can include a varietyof additional components to enable execution of tasks, such as a numberof execution environments (e.g., containers or virtual machinesexecuting on physical host devices of the on-demand code executionenvironment 210), a worker manager to manage such executionenvironments, and a warming pool manager to assist in making executionenvironments available to the worker manager on a rapid basis (e.g.,under 10 ms). Further details regarding the on-demand code executionenvironment can be found within the '556 Patent, incorporated byreference above.

As noted above, tasks correspond to individual collections of user code(e.g., to achieve a specific function). References to user code as usedherein may refer to any program code (e.g., a program, routine,subroutine, thread, etc.) written in a specific program language. In thepresent disclosure, the terms “code,” “user code,” and “program code,”may be used interchangeably. Such user code may be executed to achieve aspecific function, for example, in connection with a particular webapplication or mobile application developed by the user. Specificexecutions of that code are referred to herein as “task executions” orsimply “executions.” Tasks may be written, by way of non-limitingexample, in JavaScript (e.g., node.js), Java, Python, and/or Ruby(and/or another programming language). Tasks may be “triggered” forexecution on the on-demand code execution system 210 in a variety ofmanners. In one embodiment, a computing device may transmit a request toexecute a task may, which can generally be referred to as “call” toexecute of the task. Such calls may include the user code (or thelocation thereof) to be executed and one or more arguments to be usedfor executing the user code. For example, a call may provide the usercode of a task along with the request to execute the task. In anotherexample, a call may identify a previously uploaded task by its name oran identifier. In yet another example, code corresponding to a task maybe included in a call for the task, as well as being uploaded in aseparate location (e.g., storage of a coordinator 114, anetwork-accessible storage service, or the task data store 214) prior tothe request being received by the on-demand code execution system 150. Arequest interface of the on-demand code execution system 210 may receivecalls to execute tasks as Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)requests from a user. Also, any information (e.g., headers andparameters) included in the HTTPS request may also be processed andutilized when executing a task. As discussed above, any other protocols,including, for example, HTTP, MQTT, and CoAP, may be used to transferthe message containing a task call to the request interface of thefrontend 212.

A call to execute a task may specify one or more third-party libraries(including native libraries) to be used along with the user codecorresponding to the task. In one embodiment, the call may provide tothe on-demand code execution system 210 a ZIP file containing the usercode and any libraries (and/or identifications of storage locationsthereof) corresponding to the task requested for execution. In someembodiments, the call includes metadata that indicates the program codeof the task to be executed, the language in which the program code iswritten, the user associated with the call, and/or the computingresources (e.g., memory, etc.) to be reserved for executing the programcode. For example, the program code of a task may be provided with thecall, previously uploaded by the user, provided by the on-demand codeexecution system 210 (e.g., standard routines), and/or provided by thirdparties. In some embodiments, such resource-level constraints (e.g., howmuch memory is to be allocated for executing a particular user code) arespecified for the particular task, and may not vary over each executionof the task. In such cases, the on-demand code execution system 210 mayhave access to such resource-level constraints before each individualcall is received, and the individual call may not specify suchresource-level constraints. In some embodiments, the call may specifyother constraints such as permission data that indicates what kind ofpermissions or authorities that the call invokes to execute the task.Such permission data may be used by the on-demand code execution system210 to access private resources (e.g., on a private network).

In some embodiments, a call may specify the behavior that should beadopted for handling the call. In such embodiments, the call may includean indicator for enabling one or more execution modes in which toexecute the task referenced in the call. For example, the call mayinclude a flag or a header for indicating whether the task should beexecuted in a debug mode in which the debugging and/or logging outputthat may be generated in connection with the execution of the task isprovided back to the user (e.g., via a console user interface). In suchan example, the on-demand code execution system 210 may inspect the calland look for the flag or the header, and if it is present, the on-demandcode execution system 210 may modify the behavior (e.g., loggingfacilities) of the execution environment in which the task is executed,and cause the output data to be provided back to the user. In someembodiments, the behavior/mode indicators are added to the call by theuser interface provided to the user by the on-demand code executionsystem 210. Other features such as source code profiling, remotedebugging, etc., may also be enabled or disabled based on the indicationprovided in a call.

FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of an architecture of an illustrative usercomputing device 102 that can generate content requests and processmetric information in accordance with the present application. Thegeneral architecture of the user computing device 102 depicted in FIG. 3includes an arrangement of computer hardware and software componentsthat may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure. Asillustrated, the user computing device 102 includes a processing unit304, a network interface 306, an input/output device interface 309, anoptional display 302, and an input device 324, all of which maycommunicate with one another by way of a communication bus.

The network interface 306 may provide connectivity to one or morenetworks or computing systems, such as the network 140 of FIG. 1 and thevideo packaging and origination service 120 or the content provider 130.The processing unit 304 may thus receive information and instructionsfrom other computing systems or services via a network. The processingunit 304 may also communicate to and from memory 310 and further provideoutput information for an optional display 302 via the input/outputdevice interface 309. The input/output device interface 309 may alsoaccept input from the optional input device 324, such as a keyboard,mouse, digital pen, etc. In some embodiments, the user computing device102 may include more (or fewer) components than those shown in FIG. 3.

The memory 310 may include computer program instructions that theprocessing unit 304 executes in order to implement one or moreembodiments. The memory 310 generally includes RAM, ROM, or otherpersistent or non-transitory memory. The memory 310 may store anoperating system 314 that provides computer program instructions for useby the processing unit 304 in the general administration and operationof the user computing device 102. The memory 310 may further includecomputer program instructions and other information for implementingaspects of the present disclosure. For example, in one embodiment, thememory 310 includes interface software 312 for requesting and receivingcontent from the video packaging and origination service 120 via the CDNservice provider 110. In another example, in one embodiment, the memory310 includes a specific media player application for accessing content,decoding the encoded content, and communicating with the CDN serviceprovider 110.

FIG. 4 depicts one embodiment of an architecture of an illustrativecomputing device for implementing various aspects of the distribution ofencoded content streams or the characterization of aspects of the userdevice 102 as described herein. The computing device 400 can be a partof the video packaging and origination service 120, such as a managementcomponent 124. Alternatively, the computing device may a stand-alonedevice independent of the video packaging and origination service 120 oras part of a service/service provider also independent of the videopackaging and origination service 120.

The general architecture of the computing device 400 depicted in FIG. 4includes an arrangement of computer hardware and software componentsthat may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure. Asillustrated, the computing device 400 includes a processing unit 404, anetwork interface 406, a computer readable medium drive 408, aninput/output device interface 409, all of which may communicate with oneanother by way of a communication bus. The components of the computingdevice 400 may be physical hardware components or implemented in avirtualized environment.

The network interface 406 may provide connectivity to one or morenetworks or computing systems, such as the network 150 or network 160 ofFIG. 1. The processing unit 404 may thus receive information andinstructions from other computing systems or services via a network. Theprocessing unit 404 may also communicate to and from memory 410 andfurther provide output information for an optional display via theinput/output device interface 409. In some embodiments, the computingdevice 400 may include more (or fewer) components than those shown inFIG. 4.

The memory 410 may include computer program instructions that theprocessing unit 404 executes in order to implement one or moreembodiments. The memory 410 generally includes RAM, ROM, or otherpersistent or non-transitory memory. The memory 410 may store anoperating system 414 that provides computer program instructions for useby the processing unit 404 in the general administration and operationof the computing device 400. The memory 410 may further include computerprogram instructions and other information for implementing aspects ofthe present disclosure. For example, in one embodiment, the memory 410includes interface software 412 for receiving and processing contentstreams. Memory 410 includes an encoded content processing component 416for determining or characterizing insertion points for content streamsas described herein. The memory 410 can further include an encodedcontent generation routine for dynamically generating supplementalcontent to be inserted in one or more determined insertion points.

As specified above, in one embodiment, the computing device 400illustrated in FIG. 4 can be implemented as physical computing devicesor virtualized computing devices in a computing network. In anotherembodiment, the computing device 400 may be implemented as logicalcomponents in a virtual computing network in which the functionality ofthe computing device 400 is implemented by an underlying substratenetwork of physical computing devices. In this embodiment, the computingdevice 400 may not be actually instantiated in the physical computingdevices of the substrate network. Accordingly, reference toinstantiation of a computing device 400 to carry out a desired functioncan correspond to a configuration of physical computing devicesfunctioning as the computing device 400, instantiation of virtualizedcomputing devices functioning as the computing device or instantiationof logical components in a virtualized network. In each of theseexamples, the creation, configuration and implementation of thecomponents and the interactions described herein would vary according tothe specific instantiation of the computing device 400. Thus, aspects ofthe present application should not be limited to interpretationrequiring a physical, virtual or logical embodiment unless specificallyindicated as such.

FIG. 5 depicts one embodiment of an architecture of an illustrativeencoding component 122 for implementing the video packaging andorigination service 120 described herein. The general architecture ofthe encoding component 122 depicted in FIG. 5 includes an arrangement ofcomputer hardware and software components that may be used to implementaspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the encodingcomponent 122 of the video packaging and origination service 120includes a processing unit 504, a network interface 506, a computerreadable medium drive 508, an input/output device interface 509, all ofwhich may communicate with one another by way of a communication bus.The components of the encoding component 122 may be physical hardwarecomponents or implemented in a virtualized environment.

The network interface 506 may provide connectivity to one or morenetworks or computing systems, such as the network 150 or network 160 ofFIG. 1. The processing unit 504 may thus receive information andinstructions from other computing systems or services via a network. Theprocessing unit 504 may also communicate to and from memory 510 andfurther provide output information for an optional display via theinput/output device interface 509. In some embodiments, the encodingcomponent 122 may include more (or fewer) components than those shown inFIG. 5.

The memory 510 may include computer program instructions that theprocessing unit 504 executes in order to implement one or moreembodiments. The memory 510 generally includes RAM, ROM, or otherpersistent or non-transitory memory. The memory 510 may store anoperating system 514 that provides computer program instructions for useby the processing unit 504 in the general administration and operationof the video packaging and origination service 120. The memory 510 mayfurther include computer program instructions and other information forimplementing aspects of the present disclosure. For example, in oneembodiment, the memory 510 includes interface software 512 for receivingand processing content requests from user devices 102. Memory 510includes an encoder 516 for encoding video segments to be sent to userdevices 102 in response to content requests.

As specified above, in one embodiment, the encoder components 122illustrated in FIG. 5 can be implemented as physical computing devicesor virtualized computing devices in a computing network. In anotherembodiment, the encoded components 122 may be implemented as logicalcomponents in a virtual computing network in which the functionality ofthe encoder components are implemented by an underlying substratenetwork of physical computing devices. In this embodiment, the logicalencoder components may not be actually instantiated in the physicalcomputing devices of the substrate network. Accordingly, reference toinstantiation of the encoder components can correspond to aconfiguration of physical computing devices functioning as encodercomponents, instantiation of virtualized computing devices functioningas encoder components or instantiation of logical components in avirtualized network. In each of these examples, the creation,configuration and implementation of the components and the interactionsdescribed herein would vary according to the specific instantiation ofthe encoder component. Thus, aspects of the present application shouldnot be limited to interpretation requiring a physical, virtual orlogical embodiment unless specifically indicated as such.

Turning now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, an illustrative interaction for theprocessing of content requests will be described. For purposes ofillustration, content requests by the user device 102 will be describedwith regard to the transmission of segmented encoded contents, such asin accordance with DASH. Such interaction is illustrative and otherforms of content transmission may be utilized. At (1), the user device102 transmits a request for content. Illustratively, a user can accessone or more software applications on the user device 102 to requestcontent, such as streaming content. For example, the user device 102 cangenerate an interface for receiving user commands or interactions andtransmit the request, such as via the media application 318. The initialcontent request may be transmitted directly to the video packaging andorigination service 120. Alternatively, the initial content request maybe routed, such as via DNS routing or HTTP-based routing, to a POP 110.In some embodiments, the request for content can include userpreferences, search terms, keywords or access to profile information forutilization in processing the request for content, determination ofinsertion points for supplemental content, or selection of thesupplemental content.

In response, at (2), the video packaging and origination service 120processes the encoded content segments provided by the content provider130 to dynamically determine insertion points for the content stream.Illustratively, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize one or more techniques for the determination of dynamicinsertion points. More specifically, the video packaging and originationservice can process one or more segments in the sequential series ofencoded content segments to automatically determine insertion points forsupplemental content, such as advertisements or complimentary content.In one aspect, the video packaging and origination service 120 candetect scene changes between encoded content segments and identify thescene changes as insertion points for supplemental content. For example,the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilize coloranalysis or screen color comparison information to determine that athreshold portion of the rendered image has gone dark or has changedsufficiently to characterize one or more segments as associated with ascene change.

In another aspect, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize changes between rendered content segments to determinetransitions between segments of high activity or changes and segmentswith lower activity. For example, the video packaging and originationservice 120 can process a sequence of rendered content segments in whichobjects are subject to threshold levels of movement. If the videopackaging and origination service 120 detects one or more segments inwhich the level of movement passes below a threshold level of movement,such as a lull in an action sequence corresponding to set of encodedcontent segments, a time out or injury in a live streamed sportingevent, and the like.

In still a further aspect, the video packaging and origination service120 can process associated soundtrack or close-captioning informationincluded in the encoded content segments to identify insertion pointsbased on volume levels or sound levels indicative of scene transitionsor lulls (similar to described above). In still a further aspect, thevideo packaging and origination service 120 can receive inputs fromadditional third party sources, such as social media feeds that can beindicative of events or sentiments that serve as natural insertionpoints for supplemental content. For example, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can monitor social media feeds for keywordsindicative of insertion events, such as the scoring of a goal in a livestreamed soccer match or general expression of sentiments, such asexclamations. Such keyword searching may be preconfigured by the videopackaging and origination service 120 or can be naturally inferred basedon frequency or reoccurrence of keywords.

Illustratively, the video packaging and origination service 120 candynamically determine a set of insertion points and a frequency ofoccurrence based, at least in part, on the examples described above orother techniques. In some embodiments, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can filter the set of insertion points to selecta subset of insertion points that will be utilized to insertsupplemental content. For example, the video packaging and originationservice 120 can utilize thresholds or time windows that establish aminimum amount of time that has to be between markers (manual ordynamic) and then select from insertion points meeting the timecriteria. In still other embodiments, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can be configured with priority or sortingcriteria that facilitates the selection dynamically determined insertionpoints. For example, the video packaging and origination service can beconfigured to prioritize insertion points based on determined scenechanges compared to insertion points based on lulls in action (asdescribed above). In another example, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can be configured to prioritize insertion pointsthat can be matched more closely with the subject matter of thesupplement content (e.g., prioritizing an insertion point correspondingto a scoring scenario based on a match with supplemental contentpromoting a sporting goods store). Still further, the number ofinsertion points and frequency of occurrence can be based oncharacteristics of the content stream, such as premium content (e.g.,commercial free) vs. free content (e.g., maximum frequency ofsupplemental content).

In some embodiments, the original content provider 130 may provideencoded content with markers that correspond to manually determinedinsertion points for supplemental content, such as advertisements (e.g.,CUE IN and CUE OUT markers). In such embodiments, the video packagingand origination service 120 can bypass or ignore the manually insertedmarkers in favor of any dynamically determined insertion points. Inother embodiments, the video packaging and origination service 120 cansupplement at least a portion of the manually determined markers withone or more the dynamically determined insertion. For example, the videopackaging and origination service 120 can utilize thresholds or timewindows that establish a minimum amount of time that has to be betweenmarkers (manual or dynamic) and then select from markers meeting thetime criteria. In still other embodiments, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can be configured with priority criteria orsorting criteria that facilitates the selection between manuallyconfigured markers and dynamically determined insertion points.

At (3), the video packaging and origination service 130 can utilize thedynamic determination of insertion points to further process the encodedcontent segments to select or form the supplemental content to beincluded in the content stream. For example, the video packaging andorigination service can utilize image or object recognition services toidentify one or more objects in the rendered encoded content segmentsand utilize the recognized objects as keywords or primary targets forthe supplemental content. In this embodiment, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can have templates or learning algorithms thatcan process rendered screen displays and generate context information ofobjects that have been associated with the rendered display. Forexample, the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilizemachine learning algorithms that are trained specifically to identifyobject associated with entities that have contractually signed up forsupplemental content (e.g., a coffee cup). Accordingly, while therendered content can include a number of objects capable of beingdetected, the video packaging and origination service 120 can beconfigured specifically to identify a smaller subject of the detectableobjects.

In another example, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize textual analysis of third party content, such as social mediafeeds, to identify topics of interest at the determined insertionpoints. As described above, keyword searching may be preconfigured bythe video packaging and origination service 120 or can be naturallyinferred based on frequency or reoccurrence of keywords. In yet anotherexample, the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilizeaudio feeds or close captioning information to identify keywords orother contextual information in the audio track associated with thedetermined insertion points. The audio feeds/close captioninginformation can be further utilized to select language preferences ascontext information for the selection of the supplemental content. Instill a further example, the video packaging and origination service canutilize profile information, such as user or group preferences, toselect between applicable supplemental content (e.g., a user profilespecifying a preference for a brand of soda in situations in context ofthe streaming content indicate an opportunity to promote drinks). Thegroup preferences can be associated with user specified groups (e.g., afamily group profile) or organization criteria accessible by the videopackaging and origination service 120, such as network service provider,regional identifiers, and the like.

In addition to the utilization of the content segments or social mediainputs, the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilizeinformation associated with individuals or groups of individuals toselect, or select from, supplemental content. For example, if the videopackaging and origination service 120 determines that a screen includesan image of a glass, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize preferences for brands of drinks to dynamically selectsupplemental content advertising preferred drinks. Such preferences maybe based on individual user preferences or group preferences (e.g.,users in the Northeast). In another example, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can utilize profile information to determine notto select particular content, such as content identified as offensive,content previously presented or preference information indicating apreference to avoid particular content.

In some embodiments, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize a service to provide the content based on keywords obtainedutilized the techniques identified above. Additionally, the videopackaging and origination service 120 can invoke on-demand code or tasksthat enables the video packaging and origination service 120 to insertselected supplemental content into the manifest, such as at a mediaendpoint.

At (4), the video packaging and origination service 120 generates acontent manifest that identifies a listing of available encodingbitrates or bitrate/format combinations for a first segment of therequested content. Illustratively, the listing of available encodingbitrates or bitrate/format combinations includes sufficient informationthat allows the user computing device 102 to process the information andrequest individual encoded content segments from the content stream. Theencoded content segments can be identified sequentially in a manner thatdetermines, at least in part, an order of request and rendering on theuser device 102. Additionally, in some embodiments, the manifest canidentify multiple portions, such as a first portion corresponding to therequested content (e.g., a movie or live event) and a second portioncorresponding to additional or supplemental content. Illustratively, theadditional or supplemental content can be advertisements or additionalcontent that is to be rendered along with the requested content. Inembodiments in which the content streams include multiple portions, asidentified above, each portion may be sequenced differently.Alternatively, in some embodiments, the requested content segments mayshare common sequencing data. The content manifests can further includeadditional meta-data, such as hyperlinks, display configurations, orother information utilized by the user device 102. At (5), the videopackaging and origination service 120 transmits the content manifest tothe user device 102.

Turning now to FIG. 6B, at (1), the user device 102, through the mediaapplication, transmits requests for one or more segments of video at aselected encoding bitrate, or bitrate/format combination. The videopackaging and origination service 120 receives the request and transmitsthe requested segment to the user computing device. For purposes of thepresent application, the process of selecting and requesting segmentsaccording to an encoding bitrate or bitrate/format combinations by theuser computing device 102 and transmitting the requested bitrate can berepeated a number of times. Such a repetitive process would beindicative of a sequential transmission of segments for streamingcontent.

Based on the requests for encoded content segments, the video packagingand origination service 120 generates or calculates user processinginformation characterizing one or more attributes related to the receiptof encoded content streams by receiving user devices. More specifically,at (2), the video packaging and origination service 120 processes therequest for content segments. Illustratively, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can access the segments that have beenpreviously stored for transmission to the requesting user device 102. At(3), in some embodiments, if the video packaging and origination service120 has not previously determined supplemental content to be included ininsertion points, as described above with regard to FIG. 6A, the videopackaging and origination service 120 can select the dynamic contentdescribed above. At (4), the video packaging and origination service 120transmits the requested content segments to the user device 102.

Illustratively, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize dynamic insertion points and dynamic supplemental contentselection to facilitate the generation of content streams. For example,the video packaging and origination service 120 can better leverageopportunities to determine appropriate insertion points withoutrequiring reliance on the content provider to manually instrument theinsertion points or by ignoring manually created insertion points. Stillfurther, the video packaging and origination service 120 can selectsupplemental content that coincides with the dynamically determinedinsertion points to make the inclusion of supplemental content bettersuited to the content stream.

Turning now to FIG. 7, a flow diagram 700 illustrative of a dynamiccontent insertion and selection processing routine 700 implemented bythe video packaging and origination service 120 will be described.Illustratively, routine 700 can be implemented upon receipt of one ormore request for content segments from the user device 102. At block702, the video packaging and origination service 120 receives an initialthe request for a content segment or multiple content segments.Illustratively, as described above, the user device 102 transmits arequest for content. Illustratively, a user can access one or moresoftware applications on the user device 102 to request content, such asstreaming content. For example, the user device 102 can generate aninterface for receiving user commands or interactions and transmit therequest, such as via the media application 318. The initial contentrequest may be transmitted directly to the video packaging andorigination service 120. Alternatively, the initial content request maybe routed, such as via DNS routing or HTTP-based routing, to a POP 110.

At block 704, the video packaging and origination service 120 processesthe encoded content segments provided by the content provider 130 todetermine dynamic insertion points for the content stream.Illustratively, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize one or more techniques for the determination of dynamicinsertion points. More specifically, the video packaging and originationservice can process one or more segments in the sequential series ofencoded content segments to automatically determine insertion points forsupplemental content, such as advertisements or complimentary content.In one aspect, the video packaging and origination service 120 candetect scene changes between encoded content segments and identify thescene changes as insertion points for supplemental content. For example,the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilize coloranalysis or screen color comparison information to determine that athreshold portion of the rendered image has gone dark or has changedsufficiently to characterize one or more segments as associated with ascene change.

In another aspect, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize changes between rendered content segments to determinetransitions between segments of high activity or changes and segmentswith lower activity. For example, the video packaging and originationservice 120 can process a sequence of rendered content segments in whichobjects are subject to threshold levels of movement. If the videopackaging and origination service 120 detects one or more segments inwhich the level of movement passes below a threshold level of movement,such as a lull in an action sequence corresponding to set of encodedcontent segments, a time out or injury in a live streamed sportingevent, and the like.

In still a further aspect, the video packaging and origination service120 can process associated soundtrack information included in theencoded content segments to identify insertion points based on volumelevels or sound levels indicative of scene transitions or lulls (similarto described above). In still a further aspect, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can receive inputs from additional third partysources, such as social media feeds that can be indicative of events orsentiments that serve as natural insertion points for supplementalcontent. For example, the video packaging and origination service 120can monitor social media feeds for keywords indicative of insertionevents, such as the scoring of a goal in a live streamed soccer match orgeneral expression of sentiments, such as exclamations. Such keywordsearching may be preconfigured by the video packaging and originationservice 120 or can be naturally inferred based on frequency orreoccurrence of keywords.

As described above, the video packaging and origination service 120 candynamically determine a set of insertion points and the frequency inwhich the insertion points occur based, at least in part, on theexamples described above or other techniques. In some embodiments, thevideo packaging and origination service 120 can the set of insertionpoints to select a subset of insertion points that will be utilized toinsert supplemental content. For example, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can utilize thresholds or time windows thatestablish a minimum amount of time that has to be between markers(manual or dynamic) and then select from insertion points meeting thetime criteria. The time windows can be modified such that the frequencyof occurrence of the insertion points can be dynamically modified, suchas by content type, user request, content provider and the like. Instill other embodiments, the video packaging and origination service 120can be configured with priority or sorting criteria that facilitates theselection dynamically determined insertion points. For example, thevideo packaging and origination service can be configured to prioritizeinsertion points based on determined scene changes compared to insertionpoints based on lulls in action (as described above). In anotherexample, the video packaging and origination service 120 can beconfigured to prioritize insertion points that can be matched moreclosely with the subject matter of the supplement content (e.g.,prioritizing an insertion point corresponding to an identified object,such as a coffee cup, based on a match with supplemental contentpromoting beverages).

In some embodiments, the original content provider 130 may provideencoded content with markers that correspond to manually determinedinsertion points for supplemental content, such as advertisements (e.g.,CUE IN and CUE OUT markers). In such embodiments, the video packagingand origination service 120 can bypass or ignore the manually insertedmarkers in favor of any dynamically determined insertion points. Inother embodiments, the video packaging and origination service 120 cansupplement at least a portion of the manually determined markers withone or more the dynamically determined insertion. For example, the videopackaging and origination service 120 can utilize thresholds or timewindows that establish a minimum amount of time that has to be betweenmarkers (manual or dynamic) and then select from markers meeting thetime criteria. In still other embodiments, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can be configured with priority criteria orsorting criteria that facilitates the selection between manuallyconfigured markers and dynamically determined insertion points.

At block 706, the video packaging and origination service 130 canutilize the dynamic determination of insertion points to further processthe encoded content segments to select or form the supplemental contentto be included in the content stream. For example, the video packagingand origination service can utilize image or object recognition servicesto identify one or more objects in the rendered encoded content segmentsand utilize the recognized objects as keywords or primary targets forthe supplemental content. In this embodiment, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can have templates or learning algorithms thatcan process rendered screen displays and generate associated objects.For example, the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilizemachine learning algorithms that are trained specifically to identifyobject associated with entities that have contractually signed up forsupplemental content. Accordingly, while the rendered content caninclude a number of objects capable of being detected, the videopackaging and origination service 120 can be configured specifically toidentify a smaller subject of the detectable objects.

In another example, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize textual analysis of third party content, such as social mediafeeds, to identify topics of interest at the determined insertionpoints. As described above, keyword searching may be preconfigured bythe video packaging and origination service 120 or can be naturallyinferred based on frequency or reoccurrence of keywords. In yet anotherexample, the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilizeaudio feeds to identify keywords or other contextual information in theaudio track associated with the determined insertion points. In still afurther example, the video packaging and origination service can utilizeprofile information, such as user or group preferences, to selectbetween applicable supplemental content (e.g., a user profile specifyinga preference for a brand of soda in situations in context of thestreaming content indicate an opportunity to promote drinks).

In addition to the utilization of the content segments or social mediainputs, the video packaging and origination service 120 can utilizeinformation associated with individuals or groups of individuals toselect, or select from, supplemental content. For example, if the videopackaging and origination service 120 determines that a screen includesan image of a glass, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize preferences for brands of drinks to dynamically selectsupplemental content advertising preferred drinks. Such preferences maybe based on individual user preferences or group preferences (e.g.,users in the Northeast). In another example, the video packaging andorigination service 120 can utilize profile information to determine notto select particular content, such as content identified as offensive,content previously presented or preference information indicating apreference to avoid particular content.

In some embodiments, the video packaging and origination service 120 canutilize a service to provide the content based on keywords obtainedutilized the techniques identified above. Additionally, the videopackaging and origination service 120 can invoke on-demand code or tasksthat enables the video packaging and origination service 120 to insertselected supplemental content into the manifest, such as at a mediaendpoint.

At block 708, the video packaging and origination service 120 generatesa content manifest that identifies a listing of available encodingbitrates or bitrate/format combinations for a first segment of therequested content. Illustratively, the listing of available encodingbitrates or bitrate/format combinations includes sufficient informationthat allows the user computing device 102 to process the information andrequest individual encoded content segments from the content stream. Theencoded content segments can be identified sequentially in a manner thatdetermines, at least in part, an order of request and rendering on theuser device 102. Additionally, in some embodiments, the manifest canidentify multiple portions, such as a first portion corresponding to therequested content (e.g., a movie or live event) and a second portioncorresponding to additional or supplemental content. Illustratively, theadditional or supplemental content can be advertisements or additionalcontent that is to be rendered along with the requested content. Inembodiments in which the content streams include multiple portions, asidentified above, each portion may be sequenced differently.Alternatively, in some embodiments, the requested content segments mayshare common sequencing data. The content manifests can further includeadditional meta-data, such as hyperlinks, display configurations, orother information utilized by the user device 102. The advertisementcontent can be identified by markers provided by the video packaging andorigination service 120. At block 710, the video packaging andorigination service 120 transmits the content manifest to the userdevice 102.

At block 712, the routine 700 terminates.

All of the methods and tasks described herein may be performed and fullyautomated by a computer system. The computer system may, in some cases,include multiple distinct computers or computing devices (e.g., physicalservers, workstations, storage arrays, cloud computing resources, etc.)that communicate and interoperate over a network to perform thedescribed functions. Each such computing device typically includes aprocessor (or multiple processors) that executes program instructions ormodules stored in a memory or other non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium or device (e.g., solid state storage devices, diskdrives, etc.). The various functions disclosed herein may be embodied insuch program instructions, or may be implemented in application-specificcircuitry (e.g., ASICs or FPGAs) of the computer system. Where thecomputer system includes multiple computing devices, these devices may,but need not, be co-located. The results of the disclosed methods andtasks may be persistently stored by transforming physical storagedevices, such as solid state memory chips or magnetic disks, into adifferent state. In some embodiments, the computer system may be acloud-based computing system whose processing resources are shared bymultiple distinct business entities or other users.

Depending on the embodiment, certain acts, events, or functions of anyof the processes or algorithms described herein can be performed in adifferent sequence, can be added, merged, or left out altogether (e.g.,not all described operations or events are necessary for the practice ofthe algorithm). Moreover, in certain embodiments, operations or eventscan be performed concurrently, e.g., through multi-threaded processing,interrupt processing, or multiple processors or processor cores or onother parallel architectures, rather than sequentially.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, routines, andalgorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosedherein can be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., ASICs or FPGAdevices), computer software that runs on computer hardware, orcombinations of both. Moreover, the various illustrative logical blocksand modules described in connection with the embodiments disclosedherein can be implemented or performed by a machine, such as a processordevice, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) orother programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed toperform the functions described herein. A processor device can be amicroprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor device can be acontroller, microcontroller, or state machine, combinations of the same,or the like. A processor device can include electrical circuitryconfigured to process computer-executable instructions. In anotherembodiment, a processor device includes an FPGA or other programmabledevice that performs logic operations without processingcomputer-executable instructions. A processor device can also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration. Although described herein primarily with respect todigital technology, a processor device may also include primarily analogcomponents. For example, some or all of the rendering techniquesdescribed herein may be implemented in analog circuitry or mixed analogand digital circuitry. A computing environment can include any type ofcomputer system, including, but not limited to, a computer system basedon a microprocessor, a mainframe computer, a digital signal processor, aportable computing device, a device controller, or a computationalengine within an appliance, to name a few.

The elements of a method, process, routine, or algorithm described inconnection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be embodieddirectly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processordevice, or in a combination of the two. A software module can reside inRAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory,registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium. An exemplary storagemedium can be coupled to the processor device such that the processordevice can read information from, and write information to, the storagemedium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to theprocessor device. The processor device and the storage medium can residein an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In the alternative,the processor device and the storage medium can reside as discretecomponents in a user terminal.

Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,”“might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically statedotherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, isgenerally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, whileother embodiments do not include, certain features, elements or steps.Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply thatfeatures, elements or steps are in any way required for one or moreembodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logicfor deciding, with or without other input or prompting, whether thesefeatures, elements or steps are included or are to be performed in anyparticular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,”and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-endedfashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts,operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusivesense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example,to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all ofthe elements in the list.

Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, or Z,”unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with thecontext as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may beeither X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, or Z). Thus,such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not,imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least oneof Y, and at least one of Z to each be present.

While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointedout novel features as applied to various embodiments, it can beunderstood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in theform and details of the devices or algorithms illustrated can be madewithout departing from the spirit of the disclosure. As can berecognized, certain embodiments described herein can be embodied withina form that does not provide all of the features and benefits set forthherein, as some features can be used or practiced separately fromothers. The scope of certain embodiments disclosed herein is indicatedby the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Allchanges which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope.

1. (canceled)
 2. A system to transmit content comprising: one or morecomputing devices associated with a video packaging and originationservice, wherein the video packaging and origination service isconfigured to: encode received content into a set of encoded contentsegments; store the plurality of encoded segments in a data store;receive content requests from a user device; determine video and audioattributes of sequential segments of the encoded content segments;characterize one or more segments of the sequential segments asindicative of a transition based on differences between the determinedvideo and audio attributes of the sequential segments, wherein thetransitions are indicative of locations in the set of encoded contentfor insertion of supplemental content; dynamically determine insertionpoints for insertion of supplemental content in the set of encodedcontent segments based on the transitions and priority criteria;generate a content manifest that identifies a listing of availableencoding bitrates or bitrate/format combinations for content, whereinthe content manifest identifies a first portion corresponding to therequested content and a second portion corresponding to the supplementalcontent; and transmit the content manifest to the user device.
 3. Thesystem of claim 2, wherein the dynamically determined insertion pointsare different from manually determined insertion points.
 4. The systemof claim 2, wherein the video packaging and origination service utilizesmachine-learning algorithms to identify objects in the requested contentassociated with the supplemental content.
 5. The system of claim 2,wherein the video attribute corresponds to a determination of a scenechange associated with a sequence of the encoded content segments andthe audio attribute corresponds to a determination of an expression ofsentiment based on detected keywords.
 6. A computer-implemented methodto manage delivery of encoded content segments comprising: receivingcontent requests for encoded content from one or more computing devices;determining video and audio attributes of sequential segments of theencoded content segments; characterizing one or more segments of thesequential segments as indicative of a transition based on differencesbetween the determined video and audio attributes of the sequentialsegments, wherein the transitions are indicative of locations in the setof encoded content for insertion of supplemental content; dynamicallymodifying a frequency of occurrence of insertion points based at leastin part on at least one of content type, user request, and contentprovider criteria; and generating a content manifest that identifies afirst portion of content corresponding to the requested content and asecond portion of content corresponding to the supplemental content. 7.The computer-implemented method of claim 6 further comprising generatinga content manifest for transmission to the one or more computingdevices.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein a firstportion of the content manifest corresponds to the requested content. 9.The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein a second portion ofthe content manifest corresponds to the supplemental content.
 10. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 6 further comprising utilizinglearning algorithms to identify objects associated with the supplementalcontent.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, whereindynamically determining insertion points includes bypassing a manuallyinserted insertion point.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim6, wherein dynamically determining insertion points includes processingthe encoded content utilizing at least one social media input.
 13. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein audio attributes includea closed caption feed.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 6,wherein dynamically modifying the frequency of occurrence of insertionpoints is further based on social media information.
 15. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 6 further comprising generating acontent manifest that identifies a listing of available encodingbitrates or bitrate/format combinations for a first encoded segment ofthe requested content.
 16. A computer-implemented method to managedelivery of encoded content segments comprising: receiving contentrequests for encoded content from one or more computing devices;determining video and audio attributes of sequential segments of theencoded content segments; characterizing one or more segments of thesequential segments as indicative of a transition based on differencesbetween the determined video and audio attributes of the sequentialsegments; dynamically determining insertion points for insertion ofsupplemental content in the set of encoded content segments based on thetransitions and priority criteria; dynamically determining a frequencyof occurrence of insertion points based at least in part on at least oneof the transitions; and inserting, responsive to the dynamicallydetermined frequency of occurrence, the supplemental content into theencoded segments at the dynamically determined insertion points.
 17. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein the dynamicallydetermined insertion points are different from manually insertedmarkers.
 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 16 furthercomprising generating a content manifest for transmission to the one ormore computing devices.
 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 16further comprising utilizing a machine learning algorithm to identify atleast one object in the requested content that is associated with thesupplemental content.
 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 16further comprising dynamically modifying the determined frequency ofoccurrence based on at least one of content type, user request, andcontent provider criteria.
 21. The computer-implemented method of claim16 further comprising selecting supplemental content based at least inpart on social media information.